2026/09/11
Te whiriwhiringa i te tika iP Rating ko te whiriwhiri i tēnei mō tōu whakamātautau he whakatau nui rawa i te whakamātautau i ngā hua me ngā whakamāhi. Mā te whakatau hē ka rere mai ngā hāngā, ngā whakamāhinga haumaru, ngā uara o te whakamāhi, me ngā utu pūmau. Ahakoa he aha ngā hua e whakamāhi ana koe—hei tauira, ngā rākau ā-waho, ngā taputapu ā-whanui, i ngā hua ā-te-kākano—ko te mātauranga i te whakamātautau i ngā āhuatanga taiao me te whakamātautau i aua āhuatanga ki ngā whakamātautau tiaki e tika ana he mea matua. Ko tēnei ara tātai he āra kia whakamāhi ai koe i tēnei rārangi IP e tātai ana i ōu whāinga whakamāhi me ōu whakamātautau taiao.
Ko te rāhui whakamātautau ā-uranga, e mōhiotia ana hei pūnaha IP, he rāhui whakamātautau kia whakamārama i te āhua o ngā taputapu i tēnei wā i tā rātou whakamātautau i ngā hāngā o te pūpū, o te wai, me ngā whakamātautau kē. Mā te mātauranga i te pūnaha rāhui ipu-rua me te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao e whakamārama ana i ngā hāngā o te whakamātautau, ka taea e koe te whakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau e tika ana hei whakamārama i te tāwhai o te whakamātautau o ngā taputapu. Ko tēnei hāhātanga he whakamātautau i te whakamātautau o ngā taputapu ki ngā pūpū, ki ngā wai, me ngā wā o te whakamāhi kia kitea ai ngā whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o ngā taputapu.
Ko te rākau whakamātautau IP he rākau e whakamāhi ana i ngā tau mātātahi e rua hei tohu mō ngā rāngi o te tiaki. Ko te tuatahi o ngā tau, mai i te 0 ki te 6, he tohu mō te tiaki i ngā kōpū pūngao, tāpiri hoki ngā pūngao kākāriki me ngā kōpū kākāriki. Ko te 0 he whakamārama kāore he tiaki, ā, ko te 6 he tiaki katoa i ngā pūngao kākāriki. Ko te tuarua o ngā tau, mai i te 0 ki te 9, he tohu mō te tiaki i te wai, mai i te mātātahi iti ki ngā pātai wai kaha tonu. Mā te mātauranga i ngā tau i tēnei āhua, ka taea e koe te whakamārama i ngā tikanga o tēnei rākau IP mō tōu ake whakamātautau.
I tātari i te whakamātautau i te rārangi o te tiaki i te uru mai, ko te mati tuatahi e whakaingoatia ana i te roa o te wā o ngā wāhanga i ngā taiao kākāriki, i ngā taiao hoki e whānui ana ngā pūtake. Ko ngā whare mātauranga, ngā whakamātautau wāhi tāwāhi, me ngā wāhi āwhina hāngai hoki e hiahiatia ana te tiaki i ngā kākāriki kia kaha kia whakamātau ai i te whānuitanga o te riri o waho me te pakaru o ngā hāngai. Ko te mati tuarua he mea matua i tēnei wā i tōu whakamātautau e whāia ana te wai, ahakoa mai i te whakamātautau, i ngā mahi whakamātautau, i ngā āhuatanga o te tau, i ngā taiao. Ko ngā taputapu e whakamātautau ana i te IP65 e tiaki ana i ngā kākāriki katoa, ā, e tiaki ana hoki i ngā kōpae wai mai i ngā tāwhai katoa, nā reira e whakamātau ana i ngā taiao wāhi tāwāhi me ngā mahi whakamātautau. I te rārangi, ko ngā taputapu IP54 e whakamātau ana i ngā kākāriki me ngā kōpae, engari e whakamātau ana i ngā kōpae tāwhai.
I mua i te whiriwhiri i ngā whakamātautau pūhoro me ngā whakamātautau kōpū, me whakamātautau kia pūmau ngā huinga o tōu whakamāhi i ngā wāhi e noho ana. Ko ngā whare ā-roto e whakamāhi ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-hapori he iti ake ngā whakamātautau pūhoro, i te rā anō ko ngā whakamāhi ā-waho e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamātautau pūhoro nui ake. Whakaaro mai he aha ngā wāhi e whakamāhi ana i ō kōrero, he wāhi e tū ana i te ua tūtahi, he wāhi ā-taiwhenua e tū ana i te kōpū o te moana, he wāhi ā-mahinga e tū ana i te kōpū, he wāhi e tū ana i ngā hau mātātoko, i ngā whakamāhi hoki e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakamāhi hauānga kai, ngā whakamāhi hauānga rongoā, i ngā wāhi taiwhenua—kua whakamāhi kē ngā whakamātautau IP hei whakamātautau pūhoro. Tuhi ngā panonikanga o te hāuru, ngā taupua o te hukapapa, me ngā wāhi e tū ana i ngā hau mātātoko, i ngā hau mātātoko hoki e whakamāhi ana i ngā taputapu.
Kāore i te tau tonu te pānga o te taiao, ā, ko ngā whakaritenga tiaki o tō taputapu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te roa me te auau o te wā e whakaekea ai ki ngā āhuatanga uaua. Ko ngā taputapu e mahi ana i waho i ngā wā motuhake anake, ka taea te whakaae ki ngā tohu iti iho i ngā taputapu e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga kotahi puta noa i te tau. Me whakaaro mēnā ka puta te wai i te wā e mahi ana, i te wā rānei e rokiroki ana, e kawe ana rānei. Ko ētahi tono ka puta mai he whakaeke i te makuku, i ētahi atu ka noho tonu i raro i te wai, i raro rānei i te pēhanga. Mā tēnei tātari wā e āhei ai koe ki te karo i te whakapūtā i ngā taumata tiaki utu kore, ā, kia mōhio ai koe kāore koe e whakapūtā i ngā taumata tiaki, ā, ka tūpono te kore e pai i ngā wā mahi tino nui.
Ngā rōpū ahumārie ākiroa me ngā whāinga whakamāhi e tātai ana i ngā pūkenga o ngā whakamārama IP. Ko ngā taputapu mātātoko o te wāhi noho i roto i te whare, he rereke ngā pūkenga o ngā whakamārama IP (IP20), i te wā hoki ko ngā kāmera whakamātautau i waho i te whare e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamārama IP66, IP67 hei whakamāramatanga mō ngā āhuatanga o te ātea me ngā wā e whai ana i te whakamātautau i raro i te wai. Ko ngā taputapu mō te ahumārie i ngā pākī, i ngā wāhi e kaha ana ngā pūpū me ngā wā e rereke ana ngā wai, e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamārama IP65 hei whakamāramatanga mō te wai me ngā pūpū. Ko ngā rākau mātātoko mō ngā waiwhakaahu, ngā wāhi mātātoko mō ngā waiwhakaahu, me ngā taputapu mō ngā waiwhakaahu e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamārama IP68 hei whakamāramatanga mō ngā wā e roa ana ngā wai, i ngā wā e whai ana i te whakamātautau i raro i te wai. Ko ngā whakamāhi i te moana me ngā whakamāhi i waho i te whenua e whai ana i ngā whakamārama IP68, ā, e hiahiatia ana ngā kōpae e whai ana i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau o te wai, me ngā kōpae e whakamātautau ana i te wai. Mā te whakamārama i tēnei āhua o tōu whakamāhi ki ngā tikanga o te ao ahumārie, ka māmā ake te whakamātautau i ngā whakamārama e rereke ana.
Ko ngā whakamātautau IP kōrero ake i te utu o te whanonga, nā te whakamātautau kia pūmau, ngā kōpae tātai, me ngā whakamātautau anō. He iti ake te utu o te hanga i tēnei hua IP54 i tēnei IP68, engari mēnā kāore he whakamātautau pūmau e tika ana, ka taea ngā utu ake i te wā o te whakamāhi, i te whakamātua, i ngā whakamātua, me ngā whakamātua anō. Whakamātauria te utu katoa o te whakamāhi, kāore i te utu tuatahi anake. Mēnā he tika tonu tōu whakamāhi i te IP67, kāore he take kia hoko i ngā taputapu IP54 hei whakamāmā i te utu tuatahi, nā reira ka rere ake ngā utu me ngā whakamātua i ngā wā e tāwhai mai nei. I te rārangi, mēnā he wāhi mātāwaka tēnei whakamāhi, kāore he take kia tohua te IP68, ā, ka pāngia ngā utu kore take, kāore he whāinga i ngā whāinga o te whakamāhi, ā, he rerekē ngā whakamāhi.
Ko te IP68 he tohu mō te whakamānaitanga katoa i ngā pūpuru hauā (ko te mati tuatahi ko te 6) i tēnei wā i te whakamānaitanga i ngā rere o te wai i runga i te whakamārama o te kaiwhakamahi (ko te mati tuarua ko te 8). Koinei te whakamānaitanga o te rārangi IP e whakamāhinga ana i ngā āhua pūkenga o te ao, nā reira i tēnei wā ka whakamāhinga ngā āhua pūkenga o te ao. Ka taea e ngā taputapu e whakamānaitia ana i te IP68 te mahi i ngā ara e tino pāngia ana, pērā i te whakamāhinga i ngā rere o te wai, i ngā taputapu moana, me ngā wāhanga o te ahumāra e whakamānaitia ana katoa. Heoi anō, ko te IP68 he whakamānaitanga i tēnei hāwhe o te whakamārama o te kaiwhakamahi, kāore he whakamānaitanga katoa i ngā rere o te wai, nō reira me whakamārama ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā whakamārama o te hāwhe me ngā wā.
Ko te whakahoutanga o ngā taputapu hei whakatutuki i ngā tohu paerewa waehere IP teitei ake, he mea kore e taea te mahi, kāore hoki e taea te whakawhirinaki. Ko ngā whakatauranga wai-kore-wai-kore-poke e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakataunga hoahoa whakauru tae atu ki ngā hononga kua whakamanahia, te whakanoho i te kōpaki, te tīpakonga rauemi, me ngā tikanga whakaminenga me whakauru i te wā o te hanga. Ko te ngana ki te hiri i tētahi pūrere kāore i kati ki ngā paninga o waho, ki ngā whakarerekētanga rānei, he tikanga ka puta mai he hua kāore e ōrite ana, kāore e tutuki i raro i ngā āhuatanga tūturu, ā, ka taea te whakakore i ngā taurangi. Engari, tohua ngā taputapu me te tohu ip tika i te tukanga tuku, kia pai ai te tīpako i ngā rauemi me te tīpako i ngā mea tika mai i te tīmatanga.
Ngā whakamātautau pūtaiao o ngā rōpū tāwhai i te whakamātautau, e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakamātautau kaha o te IEC 60529, ngā whakamātautau ā-taumata mō ngā whakamātautau IP. Tonoa ngā tuhinga e whakaatu ana i ngā whakamātautau ā-taumata me ngā whakamātautau, kaua ko ngā kōrero a ngā kaiwhakamahi anake. Ko ngā kaiwhakatoa e tino pūkenga ngā tuhinga whakamātautau e whakaatu ana i ngā rahi o ngā pārāwae hukapapa, i ngā tau o te wai, me ngā wā o ngā whakamātautau hei whakamātautau i ō rātou whakamātautau. Tirohia ngā āhua matua, pērā i ngā kōnengi kīmua, ngā kōnengi kaha o ngā kawhe, me ngā wāhi whakamātautau hei tohu o te whakamātautau mō te whakamātautau IP i tautohe. Mō ngā whakamāhi matua, he pai te tono i ngā tauira whakamātautau, i te whakamātautau ā-taumata i mua i te hoko nui o ngā taputapu e whakaatu ana i ngā whakamātautau IP.