Ko ngā diode me ngā LED ngā rākau hāngā wāhi o te wāhi e whai ana i te mātao, ā, ko ngā rākau nei te tuanui o ngā pūnaha mātao o tēnei wā me ngā pūnaha hāngā. Ko te mātauranga i te āhua o ngā wāhanga nei e mahi ana he mea matua mō ngā ingineer, ngā kaiwhakamārama, me ngā tāngata katoa e mahi ana i ngā taputapu hāngā o tēnei wā. Ahakoa he aha tō whakamahinga—hei tauira, he whakamārama i ngā pūnaha mātao mō ngā mahinga, he whakamārama i ngā taputapu hāngā mō ngā kaiwhānui, i te whakamāmā i te whakamāhi i te hiko—ko te mātauranga i ngā diode me ō rātou whānui i te mātao he mātauranga matua mō te mātauranga i te whānui o ngā rākau me ngā whakamāmā i te whānui.
Te whana i waenganui i ngā diode me ngā LED he whanonga i te hanga o ngā rorohiko, i reira ngā whakamātautau tuatahi o ngā diode e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamāhinga o te mārama. I whakamāngai ngā LED i te ao o te mārama i tōna whakamāhinga i ngā hua o te LED me ōna mahi pai ake i ngā pūrere mārama ā-hāngā me ngā pūrere mārama ā-fluorescent. Ko ngā whakamāhi o tēnei wā mai i ngā tohu mārama ki ngā mārama ā-āhua, kia mātua mātauranga ngā whakamāramatanga ā-taumata me ngā whakamāhi ā-mātua o ēnei rorohiko mārama.
Ngā Tātai o ngā Rorohiko Mārama
He aha ngā mea e mahi ana i ngā diode
He wāhanga hauraro-kaituku te diode i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi e rua e rerekē ana ngā āhuatanga hiko, e hanga ana i tētahi hononga e whakahaere ana i te rere o te nāianei. Ina whakamahia te āta anga whakamua, arā, he ngaohiko tōrunga ki te pito tōrunga, ka rere ngā irahiko puta noa i te hononga, ka tuku pūngao hei wera, hei marama rānei. I roto i ngā kōpae paerewa, ka puta tēnei pūngao hei wera, engari i roto i ngā hoahoa whakaputa marama, ka pai ake te whakahiato rauemi semiconductor i te whakawhiwhinga photon. Ko te kaupapa matua i muri i ngā diode me ngā led ka mau tonu: ka whakaputahia e te whakaurunga irahiko whakahaere te hihi hiko.
Te Waea Whakatere me te Roangaru o te Marama
Ko te pūtake o te rākau o te kōpae hāngai e whakamārama i tana pūtake o te pūtake o te aha, ā, ko tēnei e whakamārama ana i te roa o te tāwhai o te āhua. I ngā kōpae hāngai e whakaahua ana i te āhua, ko ngā rākau pērā i te gallium nitride e whakaahua ana i te kōkō, ā, ko te aluminum indium gallium phosphide e whakaahua ana i ngā tāwhai whero. Ko tēnei whanaungatanga i waenganui i te kimihanga o te rākau me ngā hua ā-āhua he wāhanga māmā o te whakamārama o te LED. Ko ngā mātātoko e whiriwhiri ana i ngā rākau hāngai ā-hāngai hei whiwhi i ngā tāwhai āhua me ngā roa o te tāwhai e hiahiatia ana mō ngā whāinga rerekē, mai i ngā tohu āhua ki ngā pūnaha āhua katoa.
Te Whaihua o te LED me ngā Huinga Whakamātautau
Te Whakamārama i ngā Whakamātautau Whaihua o te LED
Ko te kaha me te mahi o te LED e whakawhirinaki ana ki nga mea maha tae atu ki te ngaohiko o mua, te whakahaere o te nāianei, me te tere whakaputa photon e pa ana ki te whakauru hiko. Ka hurihia e ngā LED hou te 30-50% o te pūngao hiko whakauru ki te marama kitea, ka tino nui ake i ngā puna pūngao e 5% anake te kaha. Ko te kaha o te rama, e whangangahia ana i roto i nga lumens ia wati, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te hurihanga o te puna marama i te pūngao ki te marama e kitea ana. He tino hira tēnei inenga mō ngā whakatūnga arumoni e pā ana tika ana te whakapaunga pūngao ki ngā utu whakahaere me te huānga hauota. Ko te kaha ake o te LED me te tohu mahi e tohu ana i nga nama hiko iti iho, te whakaiti i te hanga wera, me te roa o te ora o te waahanga.
Ngā Āhuatanga e Whakaawe ana i te Hua Mahi
Ko te wāhanga o te hōtaka i te pūtake o te rākau e whakamāhinga ana i ngā whāinga o ngā rākau whakamāhinga ā-haputu i te wāhi o te wāhi. I te piki ake o ngā āhuatanga tāwhai, kāore he rere o te roa o te tāwhai, he iti ake te mātua o te mātua, me te pakaru o te whakaahua o te tāwhai. Ko te whakamāhinga tika o te hōtaka i te whakamāhinga o te hōtaka me ngā whakamāhinga o te papa hei mea matua i ngā whakamāhinga o te mātua o te mātua. Ko ngā rākau o te rākau hoki e whakamāhinga ana i ngā whāinga—ko te rākau o te rākau e whakamāhinga ana i te rere o te rākau, ko te rākau o te rākau e whakamāhinga ana i te rere o te rākau, ko te rākau o te rākau e whakamāhinga ana i te rere o te rākau. Ko te mātauranga i ēnei rākau e whakamāhinga ana i ngā whāinga e whakamāhinga ana i ngā kaiwhakamāhinga kia whakamāhinga ai i ngā pūnaha mātua kia whakamāhinga ai i ngā whāinga o te wāhi o te wāhi.
Ngā whakamāhinga o ngā photodiode me ngā whakamāhinga o ngā whakamāhinga
Ngā whakamāhinga o ngā photodiode i ngā whakamāhinga o te mātauranga
I te wā e whakamahinga ana ngā LED kia whakamātautau, ko ngā photodiode he whakamātautau i te ara hou—ka tātai i ngā photon e tūhono mai ana, ā, ka huri i ngā tohu ahi ki ngā rere o te hiko. Ko ngā whakamātautau mō ngā photodiode he nui: te whakamahi i te rorohiko i ngā mahi pāmu, ngā taputapu hāpai hauora, ngā whakawhitinga ahi mātātoko, me ngā whakamātautau i te taiao. I ēnei pūnaha, ka whakautu ngā photodiode i te wā o ngā mikrosecond ki ngā rerekētanga o te ahi, ā, he pai rawa ānei mō ngā whakamātautau i te wā tonu i te wā e hiahiatia ana te whakamātautau tata. Ko ngā rākau hiko e whakamātautau ahi he whakamātautau i te ara hou: ko ngā LED e huri ana i te hiko ki ngā photon, ā, ko ngā photodiode e huri ana i ngā photon ki ngā tohu hiko e whakamātautau ai. Ko tēnei whana whakamātautau e whakamārama ana i ngā pūnaha whakawhitinga ahi katoa me ngā rere whakamātautau.
Te whakauru i ngā wāhanga whakamātautau ahi
He maha ngā pūnaha hou e whakakotahi ana i ngā LED me ngā photodiodes hei hanga i ngā whatunga rama kati-taiapa e aroturuki tonu ana, e whakaritea ana hoki te putanga. Ka whakamahia e ngā tāutanga rama hoahoanga tēnei huarahi hei pupuri i te whakamarama ōrite ahakoa te koroheketanga o ngā wāhanga, te huri rānei i ngā āhuatanga taiao. Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha whakahaere ahumahi ngā tono photodiode hei kite i te āhua o te LED, hei whakaoho i ngā whakatūpato ina heke iho te mārama i raro i ngā paepae. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakaurunga me pēhea te mōhio ki ngā taha e rua o ngā pūrere whakarewa marama hauraro-kaitukute whakaputa me te kitengae hanga ai i ngā rongoā rama mariko, maramarama hoki. Ko te mahi tahi i waenganui i ēnei wāhanga e tohu ana i te matatau o te hangarau rama o nāianei.
Te Whakamahi Ahumahi me te Hokohoko
Nga painga i roto i ngā taiao tūturu
Ka whakaratohia e ngā diodes me ngā LED he painga nui i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi e tino nui ana te pono me te tiaki pūngao. Ko tā rātou hanga-pōkai-mahi, kāore he miro, he hau rānei e pakaru, ko te tikanga ka taea e rātau te whakamana i te ngaru, te whakaeke, me te hurihanga pāmahana e whakangaro ai i ngā puna marama tuku iho. Ka whai hua ngā whare hanga i te tuku marama ā-aronga o ngā LED, e whakaiti ana i te ururua marama, e whakapai ake ana i te tirohanga o te mahi. Ko te roa o te ora mahite nuinga o te wā neke atu i te 50,000 haorae whakaiti ai i ngā raruraru tiaki me ngā utu whakakapi. Ko ēnei painga mahi e whakamārama ana he aha i riro ai ngā pūrere whakamarama semiconductor hei kōwhiringa paerewa puta noa i ngā tono ahumahi, arumoni, me ngā whare huri noa i te ao.
Te Whakapaipai mō ngā Taupānga Motuhake
Te whirinaki i ngā whakamātautau hāngai o ngā LED me ngā whakamātautau o te whai hua he rerekē i ngā hāinga o te whakamāhi, tāpiri i te teitei o te mārama, te wāhanga o te kōrero o te kōrero, te whakamāhi i te hāngā o te hāngā, me ngā here o te hāngā. He hāngā o ngā whakamāhi i raro i ngā tātai he uaua o te whakamātautau o te kōrero kia whakaatu i ngā taupua o ngā hua i te āhua tika. Ko ngā whakamāhi i ngā wāhi mahi i ngā wāhi tāpoi e hiahiatia ana ngā teitei o te mārama hei whakamāreke i ngā pākanga o ngā karu i ngā wā roa o te mahi. Ko ngā whakamāhi i ngā whakamātautau o ngā whare e whakamāhi ana i te whakamātautau o te kōrero me ngā whakamātautau o te whakamātautau hei whakamāhi i ngā āhua āhua. Ko te mātauranga i te āhua o ngā rākau o te mārama i ngā āhuatanga o te whakamāhi e whakamāhi ana i ngā kaiwhakamahi kia whakamāhi i ngā wāhanga i ngā hāinga, kāore i te whakamāhi i ngā whakamātautau nui ake, kāore hoki i te whakamāhi i ngā whakamātautau iti ake.
FAQ
He aha ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā diode me ngā LED i ngā pūtake mārama tātai?
Ka whakamahi ngā kōpae me ngā LED i te hangarau semiconductor pūmau hei whakaputa i te marama mā te whakahiato hikohiko, kaua ki te whakawera wera, ki te whakawātea hau rānei. Ko tēnei rerekētanga taketake e whakarato ana i te kaha o te pūngao, te roa o te ora whakahaere, te tere o te wā urupare, me te whakahaere aronga pai ake. Ko ngā pūtake tuku iho pēnei i ngā pōtae pōtae ka huri i te nuinga o te pūngao hiko ki te wera o te pūngao, i te wā e tutuki ana i ngā pūrere whakarewa rama haurua te 30-50% o te hurihanga pūngao ki te marama e kitea ana. Hei taapiri, he pai ake te manawanui o nga LED ki te huringa wera me te taumaha miihini i nga miro pakaru, i nga kohinga hau pēhanga ranei.
He aha ngā tono matua o te photodiode i roto i te hangarau hou?
Ko ngā whakamātautau i ngā pōturi tāwhai tāwhai he whakamātautau i ngā whakamātau i ngā rākau wāhanga, ngā kaitiaki i ngā hākinakina o te ao hākinakina, ngā whakamātautau hauā, ngā taputapu whakamātautau mātā, me ngā rārangi whakamātautau mātā. Ko ēnei āhua e whakamātautau ana i ngā tohu mātā i ngā wā o ngā mikorōhēkona, ā, e hurihuri ana i ngā kōrero mātā ki ngā au tāwhai hei whakamātautau. I ngā whakamātau hāpūpū, ko ngā whakamātautau i ngā pōturi tāwhai tāwhai e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakamātautau pūtea kaha i ngā rākau wāhanga. Ko ngā pūnaha whakaahua hauā e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakamātautau i ngā pōturi tāwhai tāwhai hei whakamātautau i ngā tohu mātā iti, ā, e hurihuri ana i aua tohu ki ngā kōrero whakamātautau. Ko tā rātou mātauranga me tā rātou haere tawhiti i ngā whakamātautau i ngā pōturi tāwhai tāwhai he mea matua i tēnei pūnaha e hiahiatia ana te whakamātautau mātā tika.
He aha te pānga o te whai hua me ngā mahinga o ngā LED ki ngā tāpoi whakamāhi?
Ko te whai hua o ngā LED me ō rātou mahi i tēnei wā e whakamāhinga ana i ngā utu whakamāhi, i runga i te iti ake o te whakamāhi i te hiko, ā, i te roa ake o ngā wā whakauru i ngā kōpae. Ko tēnei wā, ko tēnei whakamāhinga mai i ngā rākau mātātoko mātātoko ki ngā LED he iti ake i ngā utu hiko i te 60–75%, ā, he iti ake hoki ngā mahi whakamāhi i runga i te roa ake o ngā wā o ngā wāhanga. Ko te whai hua pai ake o ngā LED me ō rātou mahi hoki e whakapānui ana i te iti ake o te hōhi, ā, e whakamāhinga ana i ngā utu o te hōhi i ngā wāhi e whakamāhinga ana i te huarere. I te wā o ngā tekau tau, ko ngā oranga katoa mai i te iti ake o ngā utu hiko me ngā utu whakamāhi e whakamāhinga ana i ngā utu tuatahi i te 2–3 tau. Ko tēnei pānga o te oranga e whakamāhinga ana i te nekehanga tonu ki ngā rākau whakaahua o ngā semikōnātā i ngā wāhanga whānui me ngā wāhanga ahumāra.
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