Te mātauranga i ngā hāngai e pa ana ki ngā whāinga o ngā diode me ngā LED he mea matua mō ngā kairāhui, ngā kaiwhakamātautau, me ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā rākau pūtake o te whakamātautau i te mārama. Ko ēnei ngā wāhanga e whakamāmā ana i ngā pūnaha mārama ō nei wā, ngā pūnaha whakaahua, me ngā pūnaha whakakōrero. Ko te whakamārama i ngā whāinga o ngā āhuatanga taiao, ngā uara hāngai, me ngā uara o ngā rākau he mea matua hei whakamārama i tēnei mahi. Ahakoa he aha tō whakamātautau i tēnei pūnaha mārama LED, he aha anō tō whakamātautau i ngā whakamātau o ngā photodiode mō tōu tāpoi, ko te mātauranga i ēnei ngā hāngai o te whāinga he rerekē i waenganui i te angitu o tēnei tāpoi me ngā hinga pūtea.
Ngā āhua o ngā whāinga o ngā diode me ngā led whāia ngā āhua kōpiko e whai ana i tēnei, ā, he pūnaha pūmau o ngā āhua e whai ana i tēnei. Ko ngā rereketanga o te hāuru, ngā rahi o ngā wāhanga, ngā whakamārama o te hāuru, me ngā whakamārama o ngā kōpiko, kua whai hāngai ai ki te whakamārama i te mātātoko, i te tika o te tae, i te roa o te ora, me te whakamārama o te hiko. Me whakamārama ngā tohunga o te ao hāpaiti i ēnei āhua kia taea ai te whakamārama pai o ngā LED me ngā mahinga pai, ā, kia mau tonu ai te utu whai hua me te whakamārama. Ko tēnei aratohu whānui he whakamārama i ngā āhua whakamārama nui me ō rātou whāia i ngā whakamārama o ngā whare noho, o ngā whare herehere, me ngā whare hāpaiti.
Ngā Whāia o te Hāuru i ngā Kōpiko o te Hāpaiti
Ngā Whāia o te Hāuru me te Whakamārama o te Mātātoko
Ko te hāngaitanga he āhua nui rawa atu i ngā whāinga o ngā rākau hāngai e whakamāhinga ana i te mārama, me ngā wāhi o tēnei. I te pānuitanga o te hāngaitanga o te rākau hāngai, ka pāpaku te pūmau o te rākau hāngai, ā, ko tēnei he take mō te hurihanga o te roa o te mārama i whakamāhinga, ki ngā roa roa ake. Ko tēnei āhua e whāia ana ngā hua o ngā LED, i te pāpaku i te mārama i whakamāhinga. Mō ia hāngaitanga Celsius i runga i te hāngaitanga whakamāhinga, ka pāpaku te mārama o te LED i tēnei wā i te 0.3 ki te 0.5 ōrau, arā i te rākau hāngai, me ngā wāhi o te rākau.
Te hāngā o te hōhi nui he raru mō te roa o te wā o te mahi o ngā diode me ngā LED. Ko te tāwhai o ngā semiconductors anō te whakamātau, ā, i ngā hāngā pūmau, ka piki ake te wāhanga o ngā wāhanga kua rere, ā, ka pakaru ake ngā wāhanga o roto. Ko te whakamārama i te hōhi i ngā heat sink, ngā taputapu hōhi, me ngā wāhanga whakamātautau he mea tāwhai i ngā mahi pūmau. Mēnā kāore he whakamārama i te hōhi, ka pakaru ake ngā rākau hāngā o ngā rākau hāngā, ā, ka ngaro ngā tauira tuatahi o ngā mahi.
Ngā rautaki whakamārama i te hōhi
Ngā tohunga o te ahumārae e whakamāhi ana i ngā hōhā rerehua rerehua hei whakamārama i te pai o ngā LED me ō rātou mahi i ngā āhuatanga tauāki rerehua. Ko ngā pūnaha whakamārī i te rerehua e whakamāhi ana i ngā kaitiaki rerehua me ngā rerehua whakauru hei whakamārama i ngā rerehua tāwhai o ngā diode i ngā whakamātautau matua. Ko ngā whakamārī i te rerehua kāore he pūnaha e whakamāhi ana i ngā kōpae kōpara me ngā kōpae whakamārī rerehua hei whakamārama i te whakamārī rerehua i ngā diode me ngā LED o te mana iti. Ko ngā pūnaha kōkiri mātua e whakauru ana i ngā rerehua whakamārī rerehua hei whakarere i te wāhanga o te wāhanga kia tāwhai i te whakaahua o te āhua o te rerehua, kia tāwhai i te whakaahua o ngā photodiode me te mātāo o ngā LED.
Ngā Āhuatanga Whakamāhi o te Wāhanga o te Rerehua me te Hāngā
Te Painga o te Rerehua ki te Whakaahua o te Mātāo
Ko te wāhanga o mua o te hauāwhi he whakamārama matua mō te whakamahi i te mātao o ngā kōwhiringa hauāwhi. I tēnei wā, i te whakapakari ake i te wāhanga o mua o te hauāwhi i tēnei rākau, ka piki ake te mātao me te whakamārama o te tae, engari i tēnei wā, ka tūhono ngā wāhanga o mua o te hauāwhi ki ngā wāhanga kāore he piki ake i te mātao. I tēnei wā, i te whakamahi i ngā rākau hauāwhi me ngā LED i waho i ō rātou wāhanga o mua o te hauāwhi, ka piki ake te hīkoi o te hōhi, ka poto ake te wā o te ora, ā, ka taea hoki te pakaru i te rākau i te rere o te hauāwhi. Me whakamātautau ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā wāhanga o mua o te hauāwhi i runga i te wā o te mahi, i te uara o te hōhi e whakawhitinga ana, me te wā o te ora e hiahia ana kia mau tonu te whai hua o ngā LED me ō rātou mahi.
Ko te whāinga o te whakawhitinga i waenganui i te hiko (voltage) me te rere (current) i ngā kōwhiringa whakamātautau ā-hiko (semiconductor light emitting devices) he rārangi pātata kore-tōrū (nonlinear exponential curve), ā, ī tēnei wā he iti noa ngā whāinga o te hiko i tēnei wāhi. Ko ngā whāinga iti o te hiko i tēnei wāhi e whakapāpā ana i ngā whāinga rere (current) nui ake, ā, ko ngā whāinga rere nei e whakapāpā ana i ngā whāinga o te hiko (heat generation). Ko tēnei whāinga kore-tōrū te take mō te whakamārama i te hāngai o te whakamātautau i te rere (current limiting) i ngā rākau (resistors) me ngā kōwhiringa rere tāwhai (constant-current drivers) hei whakamārama mō ngā whakamātautau o ngā photodiode me ngā whakamātautau ā-tāngata o ngā kōwhiringa. Mēnā kāore he whakamātautau tika o te rere, ko ngā rere iti o te hiko e whakapāpā ana i te rere o te hiko (thermal runaway) i ngā LED mātua (high-brightness LEDs) me ngā kōwhiringa ā-tāngata (sensitive optical sensors).
Te whakamātautau i te hiko (Voltage Regulation) me te tāwhai o te tāwhai (Stability)
Ko te mana mana pūmau e pā ana ki te whanonga matapae o ngā kōaro me ngā LED i roto i ngā hoahoa pūnaha. Ko te ngaru o te ngaohiko me ngā piki o te pūngao e puta ai te rere o te nāianei, e puta ai te putanga marama me te tere o te koroheketanga. Ko ngā pūnaha rama ahumahi me ngā tono ine tika e whakamahi ana i ngā tono photodiode e hiahiatia ana he mana whakahaere e pupuri ana i te pūmautanga ngaohiko i roto i ngā whakakahoretanga kua whakaritea. Ko ngā pūngao whakawhiti me te tātari pūngao me ngā kaiwhakahaere ngaohiko kaha e whakarato ana i te mana mā e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te tōtika me te mahi o te arahina i roto i ngā āhuatanga kawenga rerekē.
Ngā Āhuatanga Roangaru me te Whakaaturanga Tae
Te Tohatoha Karakara me te Whakaaturanga Tae
Ko te roa o te tāwhai o ngā rākau hāngā whakamāhinga ā-light o te semi-conductor te whakamārama i tōna tae e kitea ana, me ōna whāinga mō ngā whāinga ā-hapori. Ko ngā rākau rerehua rerekē, me ngā whāinga o ngā rākau rerehua i roto i te rākau semi-conductor, e whakamārama ana i ngā pūmahara o te pūmahara, o te kōwhai, o te kākāriki, o te kikorangi, me ngā diode ultraviolet, me ngā LED, me ō rātou āhuatanga tāwhai rerekē. Ko te tāwhai o te tae he whāinga matua o te whakamātautau i ngā whāinga whakaahua, i ngā whakamātautau ā-āhua, i reira ko te tika o te tae e whakamārama ana i te wheako o te kaiwhakamahi i te mutunga, me te whakaaro mō te kounga o te hua. Ko ngā rerekētanga o te wāhi o te tae me te tāwhai o te whakaahua o ngā LED takitahi e hiahiatia ana ngā hāhā me ngā hāhā pūmau kia whakamārama ai i te whakamātautau rite i runga i ngā rākau kua whakamahinga.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa hāngai pūtaiao mātua e whakamāhinga ana i te whananga o te tae i runga i ngā whāinga o ngā rākau āhua rere, e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamāmātanga o ngā kōpae ārai me te whakamāhinga o te whakamāhinga o ngā pōturi. Ko ngā tikanga whakamāhinga o ngā pōturi e whakamāhinga ana i ngā LED kōkā ki te whakamāhinga o te mā, i runga i te whakamāhinga o ngā pōturi kōkā ki ngā tāwhai kōkā me ngā tāwhai kākā, e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamāhinga o te LED me ngā whananga o te tae i ngā tāwhai rere rere. Ko ngā whakamāhinga o ngā photodiode e whakamāhinga ana i ngā āhua o te whakamāhinga o te tāwhai, e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamāhinga o te whakamāhinga o te tohu i ngā rākau whakamāhinga āhua me ngā whakamāhinga o te whakamāhinga o te taiao. Ko te whāinga i waenganui i te roa o te tāwhai me te whananga o te kōwhiringa he whakamāhinga o ngā whakamāhinga, e hiahiatia ana te whakamāhinga o ngā rākau me ngā whakamāhinga āhua.
Te whakamāhinga o te pakeke me te whakamāhinga o te tae
Te tāwhai o te tāwhai o ngā diode me ngā LED i te wā roa he whāinga o te whakamātau i te hōhā o te tūmata, te tāwhai o te rere o te hau, me te tāwhai o te phosphor i ngā wā roa o te whakamāhi. Ko te pakaru o te phosphor i raro i te whakamāhi pūmau i te mātātoko mātātoko te uru mai i te huringa o te hāngai o te kōrero me te iti ake o te tāwhai o te kōrero, e whakamānui ana i te iti ake o te whai hua o ngā LED me ō rātou mahi i ngā whakamāhi matua. Ko ngā kōpae whakamātautau me ngā kōpae āhua e whakamātau ana i ngā kōpae phosphor mai i te whakaahua UV me te uru o te wai, e whakakaha ana i te wā o te whakamāhi pūmau o ngā rākau hāngai e whakamāhinga ana i te āhua. Ko ngā kaiwhakamahi kounga e whakamahi ana i ngā whakamātautau whakamāhi pūmau me ngā tikanga whakamāhi hōhā hei whakamātau i ngā whakaaro mō te tāwhai o te kōrero i mua i te tuku i ngā hua ki te mara.
FAQ
He aha te āki o te hōhā o te tūmata i te turanga o te hau o ngā diode me ngā LED?
Ka piki ake te pāmahana o te hononga, ka heke te ngaohiko o mua i waenga i nga diodes me nga LED e 2 millivolts ia nekehanga Celsius. Ka uaua te whakatauranga o tēnei pāmahana kino i ngā pūrere whakarewa rama haurua, nā te mea ka whakaitihia e te pāmahana piki te heke o te ngaohiko, ā, ka whakanuihia te rere o te rere i te wā kotahi. Ka hangaia e tēnei he urupare pai ka taea te whakaoho i te rere wera mēnā kāore e ranea te here o te nāianei. Ka whakawātea e ngā kaiwhakahaere nāna te mana tonu mā te whakatika i te ngaohiko kia mau tonu te hiko ki mua ahakoa ngā huringa pāmahana, me te pupuri i te kaha me te mahi.
He aha te mahi a ngā pūrere whakarewa marama haurua-kaituku i roto i ngā tono photodiode me te kitenga matapihi?
Ko ngā tono photodiode e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pānga photovoltaic hurihuri i roto i ngā pūrere whakarewa rama semiconductor, kei reira ngā photon pāngia e whakaputa ana i ngā takirua irahiko-pōro e whakaputa ana i te hiko. Kaore i rite ki nga LED e whakaputa marama ana i roto i te rere o te werohanga o mua, ka kitea e nga photodiodes te marama ma roto i nga rohe whakaeke o te whakaeke. Ko te whakaōrite i te urupare ā-arorangi i waenganui i te puna marama me ngā tono photodiode e whakarite ana i te whakawhiti tohu whai hua i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro, ngā pūoko tata, me ngā taputapu aroturuki taiao. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te pūngao pōuri me te pūngao o te photodiode e whakatau ana i te ōwehenga tohu-ki-raru me te tere kitenga i roto i ngā tono ine tika.
Ko ngā āhuatanga e tino pā ana ki te tōtika me te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga tāutanga mahi?
Ko ngā whāinga o te whakamārama i te hōhi, te pūmau o te hāngā hāngā, me ngā whakamārama i te rere o te wāhanga e toru ngā take matua e pa ana ki te whai hua o ngā LED me ō rātou whāinga i ngā whakamātautau a-tāone. Ko ngā whakamārama i te āhua o te whakamārama i te hōhi me ngā āhuatanga o te hāngā o te wāhi e whakamārama ana i te hōhi o te tāwhai, ā, koinei te kaha e pa ana ki te mātātoko, ki te tāwhai o te tae, me te roa o te wā o te whakamātautau. Ko ngā kaiwhakamārama kaha o te rere o te wāhanga e whakamārama ana i te rere o te wāhanga i runga i ngā rere o te hāngā, kia pūmau ai ngā rere o ngā kōrero o te semiconductor i ngā āhuatanga rere o te hāngā. I te whakamārama i ēnei āhuatanga e toru i te whakamārama i te pūnaha, ka whakamārama ai kia pūmau ngā diode me ngā LED i ngā whāinga i tohua, i te wā katoa o te wā o te whakamātautau, ā, kia iti ake ngā hāngā o te whakamārama.
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